Glossary of Terms - OER - Open Educational Resources - Bristol Community College Library Learning Commons at Bristol Community College

Commonly used terms in OER

Accessibility	Accommodation for persons with disabilities.
Ancillary Materials	Resources, services, and materials developed by textbook publishers to enhance student learning and increase the value of the textbook. Ancillary materials include, but are not limited to, multimedia CD-ROMs, special websites, uniquely tailored classrooms within course management systems, exercises, Internet study guides, and Internet tutorial quizzes. (Bober-Michel)


Attribution	Usually means identifying who has originally created a published work – may be a requirement of a license if an item is repurposed or re-used. (OS)


CC-BY	Creative Commons Attribution license. OER licensed CC-BY can be modified, used commercially and may or may not be shared in the same manner, provided credit is given to the author. (WE)

CC-BY-NC	Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial license. OER licensed CC-BY-NC can be modified and may or may not be shared in the same manner, but credit must be given to the author and it cannot be used commercially. (WE)

CC-BY-NC-SA	Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike license. OER licensed CC-BY-NC-SA can be modified, but must be credit must be given to the author. Additionally, it may not be used commercially and must be shared in the same manner. (WE)

CC-BY-NC-ND	Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommerical-No derivatives. OER licensed CC-BY-NC-ND cannot be modified or used commercially. It may or may not be shared in the same manner and credit must be given to the author. (WE)
CC-BY-ND	Creative Commons Attribution-No derivatives license. OER licensed CC-BY-ND may or may not be shared in the same manner, can be used commercially, but credit must be given to the author and it cannot be modified. (WE)
CC-BY-SA	Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license. OER licensed CC-BY-SA may be modified and used commercially, provided credit is given to the author and it is shared in the same manner. This license is somewhat similar to the GFDL. (WE)
Copyright	A legal concept that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its use and distribution, usually for a limited time, with the intention of enabling the creator of intellectual wealth to receive compensation for their work and be able to financially support themselves. (Wiki)
Copyleft	Variation of the word 'copyright' used to denote open licenses that require derivative works to be shared under the same license as the original.
Creative Commons	The non-profit organization that manages a set of open content licenses. (WE)
Creative Commons License	Creative Commons Licenses are applied to published work online and offer simple and clear information about what other people can and can’t do with that work. (OS)
Digital Item Identification (DII)	A digital Item is the basic unit of transaction in the MPEG-21 framework. It is a structured digital object, including a standard representation, identification and metadata. Digital Item Identification (DII) specifications include how to identify Digital Items uniquely and how to distinguish different types of items. (Wiki)
Dublin Core	The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set is a set of fifteen generic elements for describing resources. Today the Dublin Core is a formal standard, used in countless implementations, and one of the top metadata vocabularies on the Web. (DC)
Fair Use	The legal term for allowing use of copyrighted materials under certain allowable conditions without permission from the copyright holder. (CR)
Folksonomy	User generated classification system that often uses tags to describe content. (Wiki)
Granularity	The smaller (more granular) an educational resource is, the smaller the chunk of information within it.
ICAS	Intersegmental Committee of the Academic Senates
IGETC	Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)	The legally recognized exclusive rights to creations of the mind. Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright. (Wiki)
Intersegmental	Between the three segments of higher education in the state of California: University of California; California State University; and California Community College.
Learning Object	A digital resource that can be reused to enhance teaching and learning. (WE)
Licensing	The process of choosing and assigning a license to an open educational resource by the original creator of that resource. OER creators can choose from several licenses offered by organizations such as Creative Commons—with the license typically stipulating the conditions under which that resource can be used, shared, adapted, or distributed by other users. (OERC)
Localization	The process through which educational resources are adapted to meet local teaching and learning needs. Resource localization might entail, e.g., translating a lesson plan into another language, removing parts of a course module that are too complex for a given set of students.(OERC)
Low cost	Materials that will cost students that are under $50.00
MERLOT	Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching
Metadata	Basic descriptive data about an educational resource, which help users more easily find and use the resource. It is “data about data,” or attributes that describe the data, and includes descriptors such as title, language, author, and grade level, creation date, etc. (OERC)
No Cost	indicates materials that may not be OER but resources that do not cost students anything to utilize
No Derivatives (ND)	Creative Commons license condition that lets others copy, distribute, display and perform only verbatim copies of a creative work, not derivative works based on it. (WE)
Non-commercial (NC)	Non-Commercial(NC): Creative Commons license condition that allows others to copy, distribute, display and perform a creative work – and derivative works based on it – but for non-commercial purposes only. (WE)
Non-restrictive License	A license that allows creators to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or other creators. Creative Commons (CC) licenses do not replace copyright, but are based upon it. CC has 4 major condition modules that, when combined, create tailored use licenses. (Wiki)
OCW	OpenCourseWare generally pertains to higher education online or digital courses delivery.
OER	Open Education Resources: Teaching and learning materials that are freely available online for everyone to use, whether you are an instructor, student, or self-learner. Examples of OER include: course modules, syllabi, lectures, homework assignments, lab and classroom activities, pedagogical materials, games, simulations, and many more resources contained in digital media collections from around the world. (OERC)
Open Access	A publishing model whereby authors make their content freely available with publishing costs met by authors or the institution to which they are affiliated. (OS)
Open Source	Software to which the programmer(s) allow access to the ‘source code’ or programming language. Anyone is free to use and/or modify this code for their own purposes. (OS)
Open Textbook	Digitized textbooks freely available with nonrestrictive licenses. (OERC)
Peer Production	The process of online, collaborative content creation by peers, most often facilitated through an authoring platform or wiki. The project Free High School Science Texts, which draws on online volunteers and a collaborative authoring platform to create free-to-use textbooks for South African schools, is one example of the peer production process. (OERC)
Proprietary	Denotes traditional copyright restrictions or something that is exclusive.
Public Domain	A work of authorship is in the “public domain” if it is no longer under copyright protection or if it failed to meet the requirements for copyright protection. Works in the public domain may be used freely without the permission of the former copyright owner. (CR)
RDF	Resource Description Framework is the standard model for data interchange on the Web. RDF has features that facilitate data merging even if the underlying schemas differ, and it specifically supports the evolution of schemas over time without requiring all the data consumers to be changed. (W3C)
Remix	Adapting a work for your own use. (OERC)
Reuse	Make use of a resource as it is, for the original purpose intended. (OS) Alternatively, the adaptation, remixing or modification of OER for new and/or local purposes. (OERC)
Repository	A place for storage and retrieval of digital resources.
Re-purposing	Make use of a resource either after modification or for a purpose other than that for which it was originally created. (OS)
Share Alike (SA)	Creative Commons license condition that allows others to distribute derivative works only under a license identical to the license that governs the original work. (WE)
Tags	A user-generated classification system for educational resources, and frequently serve as an alternative or addition to a top down, expert-created classification system. Tags are words assigned to resources by the users of those resources. For example, one user of a lesson plan about the Spanish influenza of 1918 might assign a tag such as flu, while another might assign a tag such as pandemic. Once assigned by users, tags are tied to the given resource, and become a searchable way to find that resource as well as other resources that are tagged or associated with the same labels. (OERC)
Tag Cloud	A visual representation for text data, typically used to depict keyword metadata on websites, or to visualize free form text. Tags are usually single words, and the importance of each tag is shown with font size or color. This format is useful for quickly perceiving the most prominent terms. (Wiki)
Textbook	A manual of instruction in any branch of study. Online and digital materials are making it increasingly easy for students to access materials other than the traditional print textbook. Students now have access to electronic and PDF books, online tutoring systems and video lectures. (Wiki)
URL	Uniform Resource Links (or Locators) are better known as web addresses.
URL Pointer	The web address where shared materials are stored. (OERC)
Wiki	A web application that allows people to add, modify, or delete content in collaboration with others. Text is usually written using a simplified markup language or a rich-text editor. A wiki is a type of content management system in which content is created without any defined owner or leader, and wikis have little implicit structure, allowing structure to emerge according to the needs of the users. (WE)