While it would be nice if we could solve racism in a five page paper, that's not realistic. This page is set up so you can take your broad topic to something narrow that you can write about within the constraints of your assignment.
First identify all of the stakeholders involved in your overarching topic. For example, if you would like to write about abortion, who are the people involved in this conversation? Women, doctors, religious rights groups, etc. Then think about how each of these stakeholders are affected by the topic, and then what the actual problem is.
For example:
Abortion -> Woman -> Access to medical procedures